Evaluating Surgical Risk Using FMEA and MULTIMOORA Methods under a Single-Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Environment

Human errors during operations may seriously threaten patient recovery and safety and affect the doctor–patient relationship. Therefore, risk evaluation of the surgical process is critical. Risk evaluation by failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a prospective technology that can identify and evaluate potential failure modes in the surgical process to ensure surgical quality and patient safety. In this study, a hybrid surgical risk– evaluation model was proposed using FMEA and multiobjective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) method under a single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic environment. This work aimed to determine the most critical risk points during the surgical process and analyze corresponding solutions.